If you’re undergoing an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, you’ve likely encountered many details about assisted reproductive technology (ART) and other valuable information. However, there are a few additional aspects you should be aware of, including PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) and PGS (Preimplantation Genetic Screening). Although these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they are distinct from each other. If you visit a PGD Centre in Nellore, our specialists can provide you with all the relevant information. For now, here’s a brief overview to guide your decision-making process.
PGS and PGD are genetic tests performed before IVF or ICSI to detect specific genetic disorders. PGS screens embryos for chromosomal abnormalities that could lead to miscarriage or genetic conditions like Down syndrome (Trisomy 21). On the other hand, PGD specifically identifies embryos that carry single-gene disorders, such as Huntington’s disease or cystic fibrosis, which can be inherited from the parents. The purpose of these tests, offered at the PGD Centre in Nellore, is to improve the chances of selecting a healthy embryo, thereby enhancing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy. These advancements have made a significant impact on reducing the risk of birth defects, which occur in about one out of every 20 pregnancies.
PGD is a procedure where 3-8 cells are extracted from the embryo (typically a blastocyst on day five) and tested for genetic mutations in a lab. This test can identify over 2,000 inherited single-gene disorders with up to 98% accuracy, helping doctors identify which embryos are affected and which are unaffected.
Couples with a family history of genetic disorders often worry about passing these conditions to their children. In such cases, PGD offers an essential solution by diagnosing single-gene disorders, including cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and many others, allowing couples to make informed decisions about embryo selection.
PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) can detect genetic disorders such as Fragile X syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and other hereditary conditions. It is also beneficial for identifying suitable stem cells for bone marrow transplants in siblings who may need them. At a PGS Centre in Nellore, these tests are commonly used to diagnose a range of genetic mutations, including:
PGS is a diagnostic test performed to detect chromosomal abnormalities in embryos. Around 25-28% of embryos may be affected by genetic disorders, depending on the woman’s age. During IVF, when the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage (on day five), a biopsy is performed, and a few cells are sent to the lab to assess their chromosomal structure. An embryo typically has 46 chromosomes, 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. Embryos with a normal number of chromosomes are called “euploid,” while those with abnormalities are referred to as “aneuploid.”
Chromosomal abnormalities are a leading cause of miscarriage and IVF failure. The goal of PGS is to avoid transferring embryos with abnormal chromosomal patterns into the uterus, improving the chances of a successful pregnancy.
Almost every couple faces the risk of abnormal embryos, with the risk increasing with maternal age. Abnormal embryos may fail to implant in the uterus, leading to miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects. Couples dealing with male infertility, repeated IVF failures, or advanced maternal age can benefit from IVF combined with PGS testing to reduce the risk of passing on genetic disorders.
The benefits of PGS include:
